NEW DELHI — India is on track to launch its first Mars orbiter in November of this year, a senior scientist in charge of the mission says. The unmanned satellite, christened “Maangalyaan,” will study the thin Martian atmosphere to determine the existence and sustainability of life and focus on climate, geology, origin and evolution of the planet, the scientist at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) said Jan. 10.

Human spaceflight initiatives are struggling with uncertainties

MUOS DELIVERY: Lockheed Martin has finally delivered the waveform needed to fully utilize the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access capabilities offered by the new Mobile User Objective System narrowband communications satellites. The waveform, which is roughly one year late, is needed to allow soldiers, including those on the move, to access voice, data and video communications from various terminals. Though the waveform has been delivered, the capability will not be deployed until the terminals, which are late, are approved for use by the National Security Agency.

With enough money, NASA plans to begin flying its astronauts to the International Space Station before the end of 2017, but nongovernment test pilots may make the trip in one or more of the commercial crew vehicles in development before then. Those private pilots could wind up training their NASA customers to operate the orbital spaceflight vehicles now in development with government backing, as the U.S. space agency moves to hand over post-shuttle access to low Earth orbit to commercial operators.

Sofia is a modified Boeing 747SP with a 100-in.-dia. telescope

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Astronauts on deep-space missions should adhere to healthy sleep/activity patterns

PARIS — Russia’s Yamal 402 telecommunications satellite has successfully passed in-orbit checkout and is ready to begin operational service in its final location at 54.9 deg. E. Long., nearly a month after the premature shutdown of a Briz M upper stage on Dec. 9 left the Ku-band spacecraft in the wrong orbit.