Of the roughly $5bn in trapped ticket sales that IATA says is awaiting repatriation, about $600m is in Nigeria, the most in any country bar Venezuela

At the start of this year some of Europe’s biggest network and budget carriers formed a new, breakaway trade body – Airlines for Europe (A4E) – with a mission to fight taxation, improve air traffic control and lobby against airport fees.

After years of effort, Single European Sky makes progress, though there is still a long way to go.